Submitted by: Lauren Geggus, Bloomington, IL

Making an art form using processes and techniques influenced by those of different artists can help one to better understand how to create a landscape.

Incorporating one's own personalized designs and marks provides the opportunity for individual expression.

Learning about the roles of the artists and crafts people in the context of a process helps one to better understand the contribution of artists to a landscape.

Grade: 2-4 (adaptable for other age groups)
Age: 6-10

Artmaking Processes and Techniques:

Art Elements/Principles of Design:

Objectives:

Artmaking

• Create a landscape on 12x18" drawing paper, using crayons and tempera paint. Foreground, middle ground, background, and the horizon line must be drawn in with crayon and then tempera will be added to create the resist method.

• Describe how different artists depict landscapes in various styles at various times.

• Identify and describe the foreground, middle ground, and background in reproductions and in their own landscapes.

• Decide if every landscape needs to be depicted realistically to be an artwork.

Participation:

Vocabulary:

• Background is the area of the picture that is behind most of the objects in the picture.
• Foreground is the area of a picture that appears to be the closest to the viewer.
• Horizon line is the imaginary line that divides the sky and the ground.
• Middleground is the area of the picture that is farther away from the foreground and closer to the background. (Between the back and fore)

• Landscape is an expanse of natural scenery that can be seen from a single viewpoint. A picture representing such scenery.

Motivation:

Student Pre-requisite:

Instructional Methods:

• Teacher demonstration.
• Hands-On student involvement.
• Group discussion.
• Individual involvement.

What You Need:

• crayons
• 12"x18" paper
• tempera paint
• brushes

What You Do:

History/Criticism

Procedure (Teacher Directed)

1. Set Induction "How are these landscapes different from one another?"

2. Show examples from various artists (Cézanne, Monet, O'Keeffe, Renoir, etc) and have students identify the foreground, middleground, and background.

3. Do artists have an individual style that makes them unique?

Artmaking

Procedure (Teacher Directed):

1. Explain that their drawing must include a horizon line, foreground, middleground, and background.

2. Demonstrate the crayon wax resist by drawing the composition, and adding in paint to an area.

3. Crayons must be used first and paint next! Outline the drawing with crayon and fill it in with tempera.

4. Go over color mixing to produce tones and secondary colors.

(Guided Practice) Students will:

1. Trace a drawing space using 9x15" tag board, in order to create a border.
2. Design a pattern on the border (optional).
3. Add a horizon line first.
4. Use crayon to outline their foreground, middleground, and background.

(Teacher Directed)

1. Use a different color of paint for each layer (foreground, middleground, background) in the landscape.

1. Use tempera to add in large areas of color to their outlined drawing.

Aesthetics

(Teacher Directed): Students will ….

1. Does a landscape need to look realistic to be considered art?

1. How did we create space in our landscape?
2. What were some artists that we discussed today?
3. How did you display foreground, middleground, and background?

References:

Hobbs, J. and R. Salome. (1995). The Visual Experience Worcester, MA: Davis Publications.

Recommended Products:

Crayola Classpack Crayons - Regular, 16 Colors (800/box) A rainbow of colors at an extremely tempting price. Regular-size, round, non-toxic Crayola crayons. Fifty each of 16 colors: black, blue, brown, green, orange, red, violet, yellow, white, red orange, red violet, yellow green, blue green, yellow orange, blue violet and carnation pink. Box of 800 crayons.

Watercolor Paper, 11" x 17", 80lb. (pk/100) 11" x 17" sheets of fine-grained, off-white watercolor paper. Ideal for dry brush work and light washes. Also works well with markers and other paint. 100 sheets. 80-lb weight.

Extra-White Sulphite Drawing Paper, 12"x18", 60lb. (pk/500) Extra-White Sulphite Drawing Paper. Good-quality, versatile white drawing paper that is suitable for all media. Slightly textured with good erasing qualities. 60-pound, 500-sheet ream. 12" x 18".

128-oz. Color Splash Liquid Tempera Paint - Set A (pk/4) Our top-quality Color Splash liquid tempera paint is now available in convenient gallon-size 4-packs complete with 4 FREE PAINT PUMPS! Non-toxic. One gallon each of 4 colors: white, red, yellow and blue.

Bristle Brush Assortment Pack (pk/72), White Shed-proof, round and flat brushes. 12 each of sizes 1, 3 and 5 round and 2, 4 and 6 flat. Features natural wood handles, tapered bristles and seamless, rustproof ferrules. Perfect for arts, crafts and hobbies. These brushes come in a pack of 72 and you can choose either white or black bristles.

Recommended Images:

• Mont Ste. Victoire, Art Poster by Paul Cezanne
• Seine At Bougival, Art Poster by Claude Monet
• Morisot, Berthe. (1881-1882). Port of Nice.
• Red Hills with Pedernal, 1936, Fine Art Print by Georgia O'Keeffe, 24x18
• Art Poster Print - Landscape outside Cagnes, 1909-10 - Artist: Pierre-Auguste Renoir- Poster Size: 20 X 16
• An Autumn Landscape with a View of Het Steen in the Early Morning, circa 1636 (Detail), Giclee Art Poster Print by Peter Rubens, 24x18
• Picasso, Pablo. (1908). Factory at Horta. O/C.